As Bill mentioned, everything under the hood is pretty much water sealed and water safe. Possibly your motor seized up, maybe you loss compression do to fried piston rings, im not sure if any coolant entered the block or was able to exscape but maybe it hydro locked. A lot of possibilities but if your car just overheated I dont see that affecting your fuel or much of anything else unless the coolant did affect electrical components.
Depending on how long the car was driven after the car started to overheat, ima bet it a mechanical problem(like the water pump seizing, etc.) possibly preventing the motor to turn over. Also, this over heating issue may have revealed any other problems the motor may have had if any, contributing to the problem.
Im not sure what the issue is but I hope you figure it out. Im not sure if my thoughts are right or wrong but they may help you.
Oh and if or when you correct the problem, make sure the ECT(engine coolant temp sensor), Thermostat,fan,coolant flow and mixture etc. are all functioning properly to prevent future issues. The ECT is one of the most important bc it controls most of your engine cooling components(or at least does most of the leg work providing the engine temp so the other components no when to turn on/off and or to work properly