J1723 – An Overview
J1723 applies to the various types of available superchargers, including roots,
screw/lysholm, and centrifugal-type products. It applies to bench testing and has been
adopted by the SAE to specify, among others:
• A standard basis for supercharger efficiency rating
• Reference inlet air supply test conditions
• A method for correcting observed efficiency to standard conditions
• A method for presenting test results in an accurate and usable way
• A method to compare superchargers without the effects of engine dynamics and
intercooling
Strict requirements are set forth regarding the necessary laboratory equipment, test
measurement and accuracy, installation of the test article(s), test conditions, and
presentation of results. Some of the important instrumentation requirements include:
• Test Sections – Appropriately matched inlet and discharge test sections, of
specified diameter and length, must be used. Each of these shall be equipped
with multiple temperature and pressure probes installed at precise locations.
Pressure measurements shall be +/- 0.5 kPa (generally 0.1%) accuracy or better.
It is further required that the discharge test section be insulated between the
supercharger and at least 1 diameter beyond the outlet temperature
measurement location.
• Inlet Flow – A flow measurement device, with 1% or better accuracy is required.
• Torque Meter – +/- 0.5% or better accuracy required. This is for measuring
mechanical drive power to the supercharger and determining mechanical
efficiency.
• Speed/Tachometer – +/- 0.2% or better accuracy. During tests, input test speed
shall not deviate more than +/- 0.2%, or +/- 10 revs/min, whichever is greater.
Stabilization Requirement
In order to obtain accurate and repeatable results, the supercharger must be operated at
a fixed speed and flow setting, and all temperature readings must completely stabilize
before a data point can be logged. Stabilization is essential in order to obtain accurate
and repeatable measurements. Further, and in the case of testing centrifugal
compressors, thermal stabilization means minimum heat transfer from the compressed
air occurs, and the adiabatic assumption is supported. Given these, and only these
conditions, an accurate and repeatable efficiency measurement can be made.
Some Misconceptions
Believe it or not, there are some in the supercharger industry who contend that the J1723
standard is flawed and inappropriate for evaluating automotive supercharger products
because it “…does not account for the dynamic operation of a supercharger in actual
use.” This is further compounded by the belief that a supercharger may conversely run
cooler, i.e., somehow become more efficient when operating on the vehicle, even though
it tests poorly in the test cell. This erroneous thinking is apparently due to the
requirement that the supercharger be operated at fixed speed, flow, and pressure until
fully stabilized, before a data point can be logged, per the standard. This is quite unlike
the normal, dynamic operation when installed on a vehicle. Interestingly, other test codes
such as the ASME PTC-10 also require stabilization; this particular test code has been a
mainstay of industrial compressor testing for decades. Nonetheless, such arguments
readily collapse given the following realizations:
• Efficiency performance is entirely dependent on the design of the compressor –
poorly designed compressors perform poorly, whether operation is continuous
and stabilized, or dynamic.
• Given the same input drive speed and air-flow rate, a compressor will not
consume any less drive power when installed under the hood, than it does in the
test cell.
• A more efficient compressor, on the other hand, will always deliver cooler charge
air and consume less engine power than an inefficient compressor, at the same
(flow and pressure) operating point. This fact holds whether the compressor is
running continuously at the operating point, or rapidly “sweeps” through it.